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You just strung up some fresh coax to connect your outdoor antenna, but now you're wondering - how long will it actually last out there? Good question. RF coax cables don't have an unlimited lifespan, especially when exposed to the elements!
In this article, we'll explore the average life expectancy of coax in outdoor conditions and what factors impact that. We'll also discuss how to tell when your cable starts deteriorating, how that affects signal strength, and why lossy cable is a big deal. Even if your coax was just installed, it's helpful to understand what might happen down the road. Keep reading to get the full low-down on RF coax cable longevity outside.
RFCoax Cable Basics: What Is Coaxial Cable?
Coaxial cable , or RF coax cable, is a type of cable that has an inner conductor surrounded by a plastic layer, shield, and protective outer jacket. The shield is what gives coax cable its name, since it has two conductors (coax is short for "coaxial"). The inner conductor carries the electrical signal, while the shield prevents interference.
How Coax Cable Works
Coax cable is great for transmitting high-frequency signals over long distances without distortion. The inner conductor sends the signal, while the shield blocks outside interference from affecting the signal. The protective jacket protects the shield and inner components.
Common Uses of Coax Cable
Coax cable is commonly used for cable TV, satellite TV, and cable modems because it prevents signal interference. Many wireless equipment like Wi-Fi routers, antennas, and radio equipment also use coax cables to connect components. Coax is also popular for CCTV camera systems.
Determining Coax Cable Life Expectancy
Several factors affect how long coax cable will last outside:
- Cable jacket material: UV-resistant jackets like polyethylene last longer in sunlight. Vinyl jackets deteriorate faster.
- Environment: Cables in areas with intense heat, humidity, or pollution won't last as long. Burying cable also protects it.
- Quality: Higher-quality, weather-rated cables generally have longer lifespans. Cheaper cables break down faster.
- Usage: Cables carrying higher power levels deteriorate faster due to greater heat buildup. Infrequently used cables last longer.
- Installation: Properly installed cables with weatherproof fittings, and secure mounting last longer. Improper installation shortens cable life.
With the proper precautions taken, high-quality coax cable installed for residential use can last 5-10 years outside. For critical systems, re-cabling every 3-5 years ensures signal strength and reliability. Your coax cabling is an important component of your radio set-up, so inspecting it regularly and replacing as needed is worth the effort.
RF Coax Cable for Radio Antennas
If you have an outdoor radio antenna, you likely have coaxial cable connecting it to your transceiver or scanner. This coax cable, while built to withstand weather, won't last forever outside. Depending on the specific type of coax, you can expect it to last 3-15 years when exposed to the elements before signal loss becomes a problem.
Weather Deterioration
Over time, sun exposure, heat, cold, rain, snow, and wind will cause the protective jacket and shielding of the coax to break down. The inner insulation can become brittle, and the copper center conductor and braided shielding will eventually oxidize and corrode. All of these effects reduce the coax's ability to effectively transmit radio frequency signals.
Reduced Signal Strength
As coax cable deteriorates outside, it loses the ability to transmit signals with high efficiency. You may start to notice reduced range or reception on your radio equipment. The SWR or VSWR may increase, indicating more signal is being lost or reflected back down the coax. If the corrosion becomes significant, the coax may stop working altogether.
When to Replace
If your coax has been outside for several years, it's a good idea to test it to determine if replacement is needed. You can use a cable analyzer or SWR meter to check for increased loss or higher SWR. As a general rule of thumb, if your coax is over 5-8 years old, it's probably worth replacing to ensure maximum performance and avoid future problems. New coax is relatively inexpensive, and replacing it can significantly improve your radio setup.
Keeping your outdoor coax cable in good working condition is important for any radio antenna setup. With regular inspection and timely replacement of deteriorated coax, you can enjoy many years of trouble-free operation.
How Long Can Coax Cable Last Outside?
Coaxial cables are designed to withstand outdoor use, but their lifespan can vary depending on several factors. In general, you can expect quality RG coax cable to last 3-15 years when properly installed outside. However, certain conditions can accelerate deterioration and signal loss.
Weather Exposure
Extended exposure to extreme weather like UV radiation from the sun, high heat, and moisture can damage the cable jacket and internal components over time. The cable jacket acts as a protective barrier, so once it starts to crack, fray or show signs of deterioration, the inner shielding and conductor become vulnerable. This can lead to signal leakage, interference and complete signal loss.
To maximize lifespan, choose cable specifically rated for outdoor use that is UV and heat resistant. Install the cable in a location that provides some protection from direct sunlight and weather when possible. You should also inspect the cable periodically for any damage or exposed inner wiring.
Installation Damage
How the cable is installed can also impact its longevity. Bending the cable too tightly, crushing or crimping it, or improper grounding can physically damage the cable and reduce its life expectancy. Follow the manufacturer's guidelines for appropriate bend radii and grounding to avoid installation damage. Secure the cable to walls or posts to prevent excess movement that could fray or crack the jacket.
Signal Loss
Over time, the properties of coax cable break down, resulting in greater signal loss. As more signal is lost, the quality and strength of the signal transmitted through the cable is reduced. Higher quality cables, proper installation and limiting exposure to harsh conditions can help maximize the time before significant signal loss occurs.
In the end, the lifespan of your coax cable comes down to the quality of the cable itself, how well it's installed, and the environment it's in. Take good care of your cable and it can provide many years of reliable service for all your connectivity needs. But at the first sign of damage or signal issues, it's best to replace the cable to avoid disruption.
Signs Your Outdoor Coax Cable Is Failing
If your coax cable has been exposed to the elements for a long time, it will start to show signs of wear and tear. After 5-10 years, the protective jacket and insulation can start to break down, letting moisture seep in. This can reduce signal strength and quality.
Cracks or Holes in the Cable Jacket
The outer jacket protects the internal components of the coax cable. If you notice any cracks, holes or splits in the jacket, it’s time to replace the cable. These openings allow air and moisture to reach the inner insulation and conductor, which degrades signal transmission.
Corrosion Where Connectors Meet
The connectors crimped onto the ends of the coax cable can corrode over time, especially if water has gotten into the cable. Check where the cable and connectors join for any greenish buildup. Corroded connectors cannot transmit signals properly and will need replacement.
Increased Signal Loss
As coax cable ages and deteriorates, it loses its ability to carry signals efficiently. You may notice lower signal strength, loss of certain channels, or interference. Using a cable tester or meter, check for any significant signal loss - if it’s greater than 3 dB per 100 feet, it’s best to replace the cable.
Cable Feels Hard or Brittle
A fresh coax cable will feel flexible and pliable. If your outdoor cable feels rock-hard, stiff or brittle, the internal components have likely started to break down. The insulation and jacket material will become more rigid over time before eventually cracking. It’s not worth trying to save a cable in this condition.
Replacing old, deteriorating coax cable that’s been exposed to outdoor elements is really the only way to restore signal quality and strength. For the best results, choose a high-quality, weather-resistant cable rated for exterior use, and be sure to install it properly to maximize its lifespan. Your cable and connections are the backbone of your system, so keeping them in good shape is worth the investment.
Extending the Life of Your RF Coax Cable
RF coaxial cable is built to withstand the elements, but that doesn’t mean it will last forever outside.
Choose a high-quality, weather-resistant cable
When installing cable outside, choose a type that is specifically rated for outdoor use. These cables are made of weather-resistant materials and have watertight seals to prevent moisture damage. They can typically last 5-10 years outside. Avoid cheap cable, as it will degrade much faster.
Protect the connections
The points where the cable connects to devices are most susceptible to weather damage and signal loss. Cover any exposed connectors, splices or grounding blocks with coax sealant, electrical tape, or heat shrink tubing. This protects the sensitive inner conductors and prevents corrosion. Without protection, connections can fail in just a few months.
Install it properly
How you install the cable also impacts its longevity. Secure the cable to walls or poles using UV-resistant coax clips or straps, spaced every few feet. This prevents the weight of the cable from pulling on connections and causing damage. Bury at least part of the cable underground in conduit for the most protection.
Inspect and test regularly
Over time, coax cable will still deteriorate outside, losing strength and causing signal loss. Inspect your cable at least once a year for any cracks, holes or exposed inner conductors. Test the signal strength to check for major loss. If signal loss reaches 50% or the cable shows signs of major damage, it should be replaced. Some minor loss over the years is normal, but excessive loss will impact performance.
By choosing a high-quality, weather-rated coax cable, properly installing and protecting it, and performing regular inspections, you can expect your RF coax cable to provide many years of service outside. Staying on top of maintenance will help avoid signal issues and ensure clear reception for your devices. But no cable lasts forever, so be prepared to replace outdoor cables every 5-10 years for the best performance.
Conclusion
So there you have it. RF coax cables don't last forever, especially when exposed to the elements. Even though the jacket provides some protection, over time water can still seep in and cause corrosion. And once that happens, you'll start to see your signal strength drop as the cable basically rots from the inside. The best bet is to inspect your cables periodically and replace any that look worn or damaged. It's a bit of a pain, but far less hassle than suddenly losing your signal and trying to track down the problem. For cables that are difficult to replace, using a quality, weather-resistant cable in the first place can prolong its life significantly. But at some point, you'll probably need to bite the bullet. Just remember - preventative maintenance is much easier than emergency repairs!
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